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South Sudan
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Country Guide № 162 / 194 · Africa

South Sudan

The world's newest country, the Sudd wetland and the largest land mammal migration on earth.

Capital JubaLanguage EnglishCurrency South Sudanese pound (SSP)Timezone UTC+2Best season December–March

Advisory - travel not recommended · checked 26 Sept 2026

Foreign ministries advise against all or all-but-essential travel to South Sudan. The 2018 peace agreement remains fragile, intercommunal violence and cattle raiding continue in several states, and armed banditry affects intercity roads. Photography without a permit has led to detention. Standard scores are suspended while this alert is active.

Official advisory →Every advisory in force →

“The world's newest country, the Sudd wetland and the largest land mammal migration on earth.”

In 2023 an aerial survey confirmed what had been suspected: the antelope migration across Boma and Badingilo national parks involves around six million animals - white-eared kob, tiang, Mongalla gazelle - making it the largest land mammal migration on earth, considerably bigger than the Serengeti's wildebeest. That it survived two civil wars is remarkable. That almost nobody has seen it is a function of everything else about the country.

South Sudan became independent in 2011, fell into civil war in 2013, and has lived under a fragile and repeatedly extended peace agreement since 2018. Intercommunal violence continues in several states, the economy depends on oil piped through Sudan - itself now at war - and most governments advise against all travel. Juba functions, some tour operators run trips to Mundari cattle camps, and the practical difficulty is extreme.

Chapter 01

Highlights

01

The Boma-Badingilo migration

Around six million antelope moving between the Boma and Badingilo landscapes - the largest land mammal migration on earth, confirmed by aerial survey in 2023 and effectively unvisited.

02

Mundari cattle camps

Ankole-Watusi cattle with enormous horns, ash-covered herders and smoke fires against flies, on the Nile north of Juba. The most photographed thing in the country and a living pastoral system, not a display.

03

The Sudd

One of the largest wetlands in the world, where the White Nile spreads across a swamp the size of a small country - shoebills, Nile lechwe and communities living on floating islands.

04

Juba and the Nile

The riverside capital, the mausoleum of John Garang, the market and the White Nile flowing north out of the city.

Chapter 02

Entry requirements for South Sudan

Advisory - travel not recommended · checked 26 Sept 2026

Foreign ministries advise against all or all-but-essential travel to South Sudan. The 2018 peace agreement remains fragile, intercommunal violence and cattle raiding continue in several states, and armed banditry affects intercity roads. Photography without a permit has led to detention. Standard scores are suspended while this alert is active.

Official advisory →Every advisory in force →
Can I go?Your passport

Checking your passport…

up to 30 days · €90 / $97 · embassy application

30 days on arrival

Before you fly

01Check your passportMost destinations want validity beyond your stay, and some want six months. Check yours against the return date.
02Apply at the embassy or consulateProcessing takes 10–30 days - apply with room to spare.
03Have onward travel and an address ready

The detail

Maximum stay
up to 30 days
Process
embassy application
Fee
€90 / $97
Processing time
Processing takes 10–30 days - apply with room to spare.
Passport validity
Most destinations want validity beyond your stay, and some want six months. Check yours against the return date.
Onward travel
Airlines may ask for a return or onward ticket at check-in.
Health
Yellow fever certificate compulsory for entry. Malaria year-round nationwide. Cholera and hepatitis E outbreaks recur. Medical facilities are extremely limited; evacuation insurance covering an against-all-travel country is essential and specialist.
Money
Cash US dollars are the practical currency; the South Sudanese pound has suffered severe inflation. Card acceptance is negligible and ATMs are unreliable. Bring dollars for the whole trip.

A United States passport needs a South Sudanese visa arranged before travel, and in practice that means a mission rather than a form. The application normally asks for a letter of invitation from a registered host - an operator, a company or an organisation with standing in the country - alongside a yellow fever certificate, a return ticket and proof of where you will stay, and it is the invitation rather than the fee that sets the timetable. An electronic route has been announced and has operated intermittently; if you are offered one, take it as a convenience rather than as a substitute for confirming with the mission that what you will be holding is what an officer at Juba will accept. Treat the figure shown against this record as the order of the fee rather than a schedule: missions set their own charges, quote them in different currencies, distinguish single from multiple entry, and change them without announcement, and a service charge is sometimes added on top. It is normally paid in cash - United States dollars in good condition, more often than not - before the file is opened, and it is not returned if the visa is refused. Confirm the amount with the mission that will actually handle your application before you budget for the trip, and budget above it. What happens after you land matters more here than what happens before. You must register with the authorities on arrival. A separate photography permit is required and is enforced rather than recited - photographing without one has led to detention, and that includes things a visitor would not think of as sensitive. Movement outside Juba needs travel permits, arranged locally and in advance. Specialist operators handle registration, permits and escorts as a matter of course, and this is not a country where the independent version of the trip is a cheaper version of the same thing; it is a different and much riskier undertaking. A yellow fever certificate is a condition of entry to South Sudan for every arrival old enough to be vaccinated - not only for arrivals from a country where the disease is a risk, which is the rule at most of its neighbours - and it is genuinely checked at the border, and often at the airline gate, rather than merely filed. The vaccination counts only from ten days after the injection, so it is the one part of the trip that cannot be arranged in the last week: get it before you book anything non-refundable, carry the yellow booklet rather than a photograph of it, and understand that there is nothing to be done about a missing one on the day. Bring United States dollars in cash for the entire visit - the pound has been through severe inflation, card acceptance is negligible and machines are not a plan. None of the above is a recommendation. Foreign ministries advise against all, or all but essential, travel to South Sudan, and that advisory is not a formality: ordinary travel insurance does not cover a journey to a country under one and policies that appear to are usually void on the first claim, medical evacuation cover goes with it, several carriers do not fly there, it sharply limits what any embassy can do for you once you are inside the country, and the standard scores on this guide are suspended for as long as the alert stands. The border’s answer and the advice are two different questions, and this record answers only the first - a visa being obtainable is not evidence that the advisory has eased.

Check another destination with this passport →

Entry details: Editorial synthesis - South Sudanese consular requirements, in-country registration and permit practice, foreign-ministry advisories (2025–2026) · compiled 18 Sept 2026

Who needs a visa for South Sudan

12 common passports
Entry requirement for South Sudan by passport, from the imported entry-rules dataset.
PassportRequirementStayProcess
United Statese-Visa-Embassy visit · €90 / $97 · 10–30 d
United Kingdome-Visa-Embassy visit · €90 / $97 · 10–30 d
Germanye-Visa-Embassy visit · €90 / $97 · 10–30 d
Indiae-Visa-Embassy visit · €90 / $97 · 10–30 d
Chinae-Visa-Embassy visit · €90 / $97 · 10–30 d
Brazile-Visa-Embassy visit · €90 / $97 · 10–30 d
Nigeriae-Visa-Embassy visit · €90 / $97 · 10–30 d
Indonesiae-Visa-Embassy visit · €90 / $97 · 10–30 d
Philippinese-Visa-Embassy visit · €90 / $97 · 10–30 d
Vietname-Visa-Embassy visit · €90 / $97 · 10–30 d
Egypte-Visa-Embassy visit · €90 / $97 · 10–30 d
Nepale-Visa-Embassy visit · €90 / $97 · 10–30 d

Holding a passport that is not listed? The picker above answers for any of them. See where your passport takes you. Source: Passport Index, updated 14 Aug 2026.

Chapter 03

When to go

AvoidApr–Oct.

Good for
FebruaryGood32 °C / 90 °F1 mm / 0.0 in

Dry and hot; migration movement in the east.

Good forPhotography

The band above each month is our editorial verdict - it weighs crowds, prices and access as well as weather. The line is average daily temperature, the bars are monthly rainfall. Select a month for the figures. Climate figures: ERA5 reanalysis via Open-Meteo, 2005–2024 normals.

Chapter 04

What it costs

A day in South Sudan

Comfortable · sample day

Bottle of imported beer€3$3.2
Meal at a local eatery€5$5.4
Dinner for one, mid-range Juba€25$27
Taxi across Juba€5$5.4
Mid-range double room, Juba€130$140
Photography permit€45$49
Daily budget€160

≈ $173

Line items are real prices we track. The daily budget is an editorial estimate for this level, not their sum.

€

Where this sits among 244 countries we have costed

€35 / $38€900 / $972

Juba accommodation is priced for the aid sector and does not vary seasonally. Everything is imported, which is why costs are so high in a country this poor.

Updated Aug 2026 · Editorial synthesis - operator quotes and reported prices (2025–2026) · confidence low

Excludes international flights - they depend on where you fly from.

Chapter 05

Regions to know

5

Juba and Central Equatoria

The capital on the White Nile, the Mundari cattle camps to the north and the road south to Uganda.

Boma and Badingilo

The migration landscape in the east - six million antelope and effectively no visitor infrastructure.

The Sudd

The vast central wetland, Bor and the floating communities of the Nile floodplain.

Bahr el Ghazal

The northwest, Wau and the cattle country towards the Sudanese border.

Western Equatoria

The green southwest, Yambio and the Southern National Park on the Congolese and CAR borders.

Chapter 06

Practical guide

Getting there

Juba International is served by Ethiopian, Kenya Airways, Uganda Airlines, EgyptAir and regional carriers. Overland from Uganda at Nimule is the main land route and carries its own advisories.

Getting around

Road travel outside Juba is slow, seasonal and carries security risk; many routes are impassable in the April–November rains. Light aircraft charters are how the parks are reached. UN humanitarian flights are not available to visitors.

Money & costs

Cash US dollars are the practical currency; the South Sudanese pound has suffered severe inflation. Card acceptance is negligible and ATMs are unreliable. Bring dollars for the whole trip.

Safety

Intercommunal violence, cattle raiding, armed banditry on intercity roads and a fragile peace agreement. Photography without a permit has led to arrest. Consular capacity is minimal. Most governments advise against all travel.

Health

Yellow fever certificate compulsory for entry. Malaria year-round nationwide. Cholera and hepatitis E outbreaks recur. Medical facilities are extremely limited; evacuation insurance covering an against-all-travel country is essential and specialist.

SIM & internet

MTN and Zain; SIM registration requires a passport. Coverage in Juba and the state capitals; nothing across most of the country. Operators carry satellite communications.

Chapter 07

Driving

Driving side
Right
Speed limits
50 / 80 / 100 km/h · 31 / 50 / 62 mph · urban / rural / motorway
International permit (IDP)
Required · Geneva 1949 · An IDP is required, though visitors do not self-drive here in practice.
Blood alcohol limit
0.08% (0.8 g/l)
Tolls
None.
Headlights
Not required by day.
Child seats
Not enforced or available.

Self-driving is not realistic. Roads outside Juba are unpaved, seasonal and carry banditry risk. Movement is arranged through operators with travel permits and, on some routes, escorts.

Rules change - verify with an official source before you rent.

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Chapter 10

Before you go

South Sudan
Passport valid 6+ months beyond your trip
Visa…
International Driving PermitRequired · Geneva 1949
Health & vaccinationsYellow fever certificate compulsory for entry.
Money & cardsCash US dollars are the practical currency; the South Sudanese pound has suffered severe inflation.
Data & connectivityMTN and Zain; SIM registration requires a passport.

Chapter 11

Frequently asked questions

Is any tourism happening?

A small amount. A handful of specialist operators run trips to Juba and the Mundari camps, and occasionally further. Every government advises against all travel or all but essential travel, insurance is difficult, and movement requires permits and local fixers. The migration parks are essentially unreachable without an expedition-scale operation.

What permits do I need?

A visa arranged in advance, registration with the authorities on arrival, a photography permit - which is enforced, and photographing without one has led to detention - and travel permits for movement outside Juba. Operators handle all of this and it is not something to attempt alone.

Why is the migration only now being reported?

Because nobody could survey it. The 2023 aerial count by African Parks and the government was the first comprehensive assessment since before the wars, and the numbers surprised the people who commissioned it. Conservation planning for the landscape is only now beginning.